Case studiesA general aviation propeller, from brief to preliminary report in two hours

A general aviation propeller, from brief to preliminary report in two hours

Application · Design study by eCon's simulation team

We gave one of our engineers a realistic brief: modify an existing two-blade propeller, then check it for thrust, strength and resonance. He built, ran and reported the complete preliminary design in econblades within a two-hour session. Then we asked him what the same job takes without it.

econblades packages the blade-design workflow eCon's engineers have built and refined over 20+ years of simulation projects – the same scripts, now in one interface.

  • ~2 hours in econblades vs. ~2 days to 2 weeks the classical way
  • 4 specialists → 1 designer
  • 4 separate tools → 1 shared platform
  • ~30 minutes per design loop

Challenges without econblades

  • Aero and structure live in separate tools, connected by spreadsheets, manual load mapping or one-off scripts written for a specific problem
  • Every layup change means regenerating the CAD from scratch: new surface cuts, a new mesh and a rebuilt FE model
  • Reports are assembled by hand from screenshots, colour-coded plies and a written evaluation, which leaves room for human error

Results in econblades

  • Geometry, layup, load cases, calculation and reporting in one environment, with a report ready to present or file straight into your project folder or PLM system
  • Aero and FE models built, solved and reported automatically in 20–30 minutes
  • The designer iterates alone, without waiting on CAD, aero, composites or FEM specialists

The engineer behind the run

“I set up the geometry, the layup and the load cases. econblades built and ran the aero model, built and ran the FE model, and generated the report. The whole thing took less than two hours. That puts a smile on my face.”

Gábor Zipszer, eCon Engineering

The brief

Every propeller brief starts with two limits: diameter, set by the aircraft, and rotational speed, capped by the drivetrain and a tip Mach of around 0.7. Inside them sits the requirement: this much thrust, at this power. Ours was a mid-size, two-blade general aviation propeller, modified from an existing design – the most common real-world case.

  • Radius increased from 1.0 m to 1.1 m on customer request; root radius at 10%
  • NACA 4-digit sections at 8 stations, mild sweep, straight trailing edge for easier manufacturing
  • PVC foam core, UD skin at ±30°, 0° UD for bending stiffness, spar, root and leading-edge reinforcement
  • Load cases: 2,500 rpm at 2,000 m and +10 °C with 30 m/s inflow; a take-off case; and an rpm sweep from 1,500 to 2,500 to find the 15 kW operating point, within thrust, torque and power limits
  • Analyses: modal (first six modes) and static structural under aero load, with ply-level failure (max stress, Tsai-Wu)

Step by step: classical workflow vs. econblades

After every step we stopped and asked the same three questions: how would you do this without econblades, who would you need, and how long would it take?

StepClassical workflowWho you needTimeeconblades (designer only)
MaterialsSame inputs in any toolDesignerSameSame
GeometryPython → Excel → CSV → CAD script, or profiles entered by hand, lofted with guide curvesCAD engineer, aerodynamicist1–2 h with in-house scripts; ~2 days by hand~10 min
LayupSurfaces cut by hand in CAD to a structural engineer's specCAD engineer, composites engineer2–6 h simple; ~1.5 days detailed10–30 min
Load casesCollected in Excel, re-entered in each toolProject owner / customer30–60 min, per tool10–30 min, once
Calculation setupAero model, FE model (mesh, contacts), load mappingAerodynamicist, FEM analyst1–1.5 days~5 min
Calculation & reportPost-processing, screenshots, write-upFEM analyst2–3 h to 2–3 days20–30 min, automated
Total4 specialists~2 days to 2 weeks~2 hours, 1 designer

Geometry and layup.

Parameters go in and the blade geometry is built in under a minute. The STEP file comes back with the results once the full run finishes. Plies are placed directly on the blade in a simplified design window, with no planes, offsets or surface splits in CAD, and the pressure side is a copy-paste.

Load cases.

The input is similar either way. But econblades takes it once for both aero and FEM, derives air density from the standard atmosphere and enforces the limits itself.

Calculation.

This is where the saving is largest. econblades builds and solves the virtual blade model (VBM) aero case, maps the loads, then builds and solves the FE model through an automated Ansys workflow and writes the report. When the aero solver started to diverge during our run, econblades reduced the relaxation factor and carried on by itself. Solver time is roughly the same either way; what econblades removes is the human time around it.

Where the time really goes: iterations

Five typical loops. In econblades, each one takes about two minutes of editing and a 20–30 minute automated rerun, and the designer handles it alone:

  1. Not enough thrust at max rpm: increase the chord slightly. Everything else stays.
  2. Aero is fine, but the blade fails: switch the skin from ±30° to ±45° for torsional stiffness, pick a stronger material or add plies.
  3. Weak at the root: add a root layup.
  4. Utilisation around 0.1: remove plies to cut mass and cost.
  5. Natural frequency too low: run a quick layup trade study, balancing stiffness against added mass.

Classically, most of these loops go through the whole workflow above again: re-cut in CAD, re-mesh, rebuild the FE model, re-map the loads and re-evaluate. That means handing the blade across the same four specialists every time. So teams often design in spare plies up front and suppress them later, because adding a ply is too expensive. In econblades, adding and removing plies are equally cheap, so you can afford to iterate.

What the study tells you, and what it doesn't

At the end of the session you have:

  • Preliminary aero performance: whether the prop reaches its thrust within the limits, and at what rpm and pitch
  • Bulk structural integrity: does the blade fail or not, the key question at this stage
  • Natural frequencies and a Campbell diagram, to keep resonance out of the operating range
  • A downloadable STEP model, ready-to-use ANSYS metafiles, and a full report: geometry, sections, material cards, mesh, ply stack-ups

econblades is a preliminary design tool. The blade root, ply overlaps and detailed reinforcements are out of scope, and the report is not a ply book for lamination. VBM aero includes corrections, but key design points should still be confirmed in 3D CFD.

What econblades gives you is speed: it gets you quickly to a blade whose overall integrity and performance are already validated, so you can spend your time on detailed design and tuning, knowing the rest of it is very likely right.

Check it on a blade you already know

The best way to trust a new tool is to run it on a blade you know well and compare the results with your current method. Book a demo and we'll run your blade together. You keep the STEP model and the full report to check in your own tools. Want to see the output first? Download the sample report from this study.